San Juan de Baños de Cerrato (Palencia), 661 CE

-Visigothic (beginning of when adapted Roman traditions with more naturalistic forms, shadow etc. resulting in a strongly hybrid artistic tradition)

-elements of Roman tradition= ashlar masonry, similar church design (with apse, nave etc.)

-3 apses are particularly Visigothic and different from Roman tradition)

-interior: dark because small windows because thick walls can't support large windows; horseshoe arch (subtle), intimate and enclosed (important visual liturgy), use of timber roof (not as confident with masonry like Romans)

-particularly Visigothic: small scale, incorporation of Roman elements