What is the solar wind made out of, and what protects us from it?

The Sun ejects a stream of charged particles, called the solar wind.

• it is mostly electrons, protons, and Helium nuclei - charged particles

Earth's magnetic field attracts and diverts these charged particles to its magnetic poles.

• the particles spiral along magnetic field lines and emit light
• this causes the aurorae (aka northern & southern lights)
• this protective "bubble" is called the magnetosphere

Other terrestrial worlds have no strong magnetic fields

• solar wind particles impact the exospheres of Venus & Mars
• solar wind particles impact the surfaces of Mercury & Moon